As electric vehicles (EVs) become more mainstream in the UK, understanding how the choice of your Type 2 charging cable impacts performance is essential. Whether it’s a home wallbox or a public charger, the right cable can cut down charging times and maximise efficiency. But how do varying cable ratings, such as 16A vs 32A or single-phase vs three-phase options, really affect charging speeds?
This blog will explore how your cable choice influences your EV’s performance. We’ll compare charging times, explain compatibility with UK chargers, and even consider the cost differences between original equipment manufacturer (OEM) cables and aftermarket options.
The Basics of Type 2 Charging
The Type 2 connector is standard across Europe, including the UK, for both public chargers and home wallboxes. It’s versatile, works with AC charging, and is widely compatible with most EVs. However, the charging speed is affected by several factors, including the amperage (amps), whether the cable is single-phase or three-phase, and, of course, the maximum charging capacity of the EV itself.
Amperage Ratings: What’s the Difference Between 16A and 32A?
The amperage rating of a Type 2 charging cable determines how much electrical current it can safely carry. A 32A cable, for example, can handle a higher load compared to a 16A cable, translating to faster charging speeds if other factors align.
For instance, if your home wallbox supports 7.4 kW charging and your EV can charge at this rate as well, a 32A cable can utilise the maximum potential. On the other hand, a 16A cable will restrict the charging speed, capping it at around 3.7 kW even if the charger and EV are capable of performing better.
Single-Phase vs Three-Phase
UK households typically use single-phase electricity, which supports a maximum charging power of 7.4 kW when combined with a 32A cable. However, three-phase systems, often found in public charging stations or industrial setups, can deliver up to 22 kW.
Here’s a quick comparison of charging performance based on cable type for a typical EV, like the Tesla Model 3 Long Range:
- 16A Single-Phase: Around 3.7 kW → ~26 miles of range per hour
- 32A Single-Phase: Up to 7.4 kW → ~45 miles of range per hour
- 16A Three-Phase: Up to 11 kW → ~68 miles of range per hour
- 32A Three-Phase: Maximum 22 kW → ~136 miles of range per hour
If your EV and charging point support three-phase power, investing in a three-phase cable allows for significantly faster charging speeds, particularly for larger battery packs.
Charging Cable Compatibility with UK EVs
OEM Cables vs Aftermarket Cables
Most EVs in the UK come with a standard OEM Type 2 cable, which is usually single-phase and rated for 16A or 32A. While reliable, OEM cables can often be limited in performance or length. Aftermarket options, however, offer more flexibility, including higher amperage ratings and three-phase compatibility.
But opting for an aftermarket cable requires caution. Ensure the selected cable matches your EV’s capabilities and is certified to meet UK safety standards (look for compliance marks like CE).
Home Wallbox and Public Charger Compatibility
Type 2 cables are incredibly versatile and work seamlessly with nearly all home wallboxes and UK public charging networks. Still, the wallbox’s power rating and your home’s electrical setup will ultimately influence how effective your cable choice is.
For example:
- A 32A three-phase cable may seem ideal, but if your home charger maxes out at 7.4 kW or your car only supports single-phase charging, the benefits of a three-phase cable won’t be utilised fully.
- On public 22 kW three-phase chargers, only EVs with three-phase capability can take full advantage, provided your cable supports this higher power delivery rate.
When to Upgrade Your Charging Cable
If you stick to short commutes and usually charge overnight at home using a 16A single-phase cable, upgrading may not be essential. However, frequent trips requiring faster charging, especially on public charging stations, make a 32A three-phase cable worth the investment.
Cost Comparison of Charging Cables
When deciding between OEM and aftermarket cables, price and durability are huge factors.
OEM Cables
OEM Type 2 cables typically cost between £200 and £300, depending on the car manufacturer. While they’re sturdy and meet EV safety standards, they can lack versatility in terms of length and maximum throughput.
Aftermarket Cables
Aftermarket Type 2 cables range from £100 to £250, making them more budget-friendly. They also often offer customisation options, including greater length (up to 10 metres) or higher power handling (e.g., three-phase capability). However, always verify durability and ensure build quality to avoid frequent replacements.
Durability Insights
- Connector Quality: Higher-end cables have robust connectors that can withstand repeated plug-ins without degradation.
- Cable Insulation: Look for cables with durable outer coatings that resist wear, particularly if used outdoors during varying weather conditions.
- Safe Storage: Many aftermarket cables come with protective carry cases, extending their longevity.
Investing in an aftermarket cable can save money without compromising on reliability if you pick a trusted brand.
Real-Life Charging Times for Popular UK EVs
To put it all into perspective, here’s how cable choice affects real charging sessions for popular UK EV models on home wallboxes:
Nissan Leaf (40 kWh battery, single-phase capability)
- 16A Single-Phase (3.7 kW) → Full charge in ~11 hours
- 32A Single-Phase (7.4 kW) → Full charge in ~6 hours
Kia EV6 (77.4 kWh battery, three-phase capability)
- 16A Single-Phase (3.7 kW) → Full charge in ~21 hours
- 32A Three-Phase (22 kW) → Full charge in ~3.5 hours
Tesla Model 3 Long Range (75 kWh battery, three-phase capability)
- 16A Single-Phase (3.7 kW) → Full charge in ~22 hours
- 32A Three-Phase (22 kW) → Full charge in ~4 hours
This comparison highlights how a suitable cable can dramatically cut down charging times, especially when used with compatible chargers and EVs.
Choose the Right Cable for Your Charging Needs
Switching to an EV means navigating a landscape of new terminologies and decisions, but selecting the right charging cable doesn’t have to be daunting. By understanding the compatibility of your car and charger, you can make an informed choice that balances speed, convenience, and cost.
If you frequently charge at home and own a single-phase car, a 32A single-phase cable is all you need. But if you’re a frequent traveller taking advantage of public chargers, upgrading to a 32A three-phase cable is a smart investment, provided your EV supports it.